Review: Presidentialism within Parliamentarianism
escrito por Dini Harmita
This is an amateur review on the very novel open access journal article of Casal Bértoa and Weber (2024) titled Presidential Elections and European Party Systems (1848-2000). Elgie (2019) who was also cited in the article stated that presidentialism and parliamentarianism are called as semi-presidentialism.
Reflecting on Asia's case is rather exaggerated because unlike the tendency of countries in European countries, I don't know parliamentarianism-politicians in other Asian countries tend to sleep during congress meetings or not. Very much unlikely in UK though. The very fast pace British politics requires sort of 'I am all ears' methodologies.
So, allow me to mirroring to the water in Indonesia, though it's never clear but it's quite reflectively. Unlike Armenia and Moldova who got their independence in 1991 and 1992 from USSR, Indonesia was granted their independence after 350 year occupancy of Netherlands and 5 year brief yet impactful of Japan's in 1945, they do have time to examine any systems until today indeed yet they chose to vote the president directly simply because of the charisma. I still remember one of the lines of his movie saying that no one could really replace him so when he was exiled for few days by his own comrades, he was summoned to be picked up directly by the leader of the comrades. While for Armenia and Moldova where in 1991 and 1992 agriculture-industrial-service Liberte-Egalite-Fraternite etc revolutions have had happened everywhere countless times, like other competitive countries in Europe, they literally have the whole village to have intra-competition.
Nonetheless it didn't take that very long time, Soekarno was very much wanted to be ruled out, you know the rests, right readers researchers et al?! It brings me to sort of conclusions where no matter whether it's kingdom, legislative, judiciary, or executive the competitions have always been there.
Indeed the next interesting question is how a country tends to choose their system after their independence; yet as we know systems are part of trial and error learning processes. How long it takes for them to change? What makes them changing? Does the change tend to requisite one to defeat another such as kingdoms, candidates, and parties.
Interesting right?! thus, indeed, like the legislative itself, the executive party system itself is also very cumulonimbus-ly dearly to fry ;))))
love, profcbs ;ଓ𓍯𓂃♛ઇଓ
